The Website of Dr. Mark Goulston

Usable Insight Blog

Posted on August 19th, 2008 by Mark Goulston

If you give a child a fish, you feed him for a day;

if you teach a child to fish, you feed him for a lifetime;

but if you teach a child to learn, you feed him for a life time…

And he doesn’t have to just eat fish.

 

-            Tim Gallwey, author The Inner Game of Tennis

 

The more you want to talk, the more you need to listen. That is because the more your anxiety is speaking through what you say, the less your child wants or is able to listen. It’s less important what you tell kids than what you get them to tell you.

 

The best place for a heart-to-heart talk is when you are driving with a child, because you’re both looking forward instead eye-to-eye, which can lead to a head-to-head stalemate. When you’re taking that ride, ask your child: “I’m curious about something, would it be okay if I asked you a question?” If they respond, “No,” then you respond in a calm, matter-of-fact way, “Okay, it’ll keep” and then let it go.

 

That will drive them nuts and in most cases cause them to ask you, “What did you want to ask?” At that point say, “I was just wondering…going forward how can you tell the difference between a subject you need to stay on top of versus one that you can get away with putting off to the last minute?”

 

Then whatever they say, respond with, “Really (in a inquiring versus challenging tone), tell me how you figured that out.” And then don’t get into an argument or do a bait and switch and sneak in a lecture. That only indicates that you really weren’t interested in their answer or helping them develop common sense, judgment and confidence.  All you cared about was their obeying you. This is a way to plant the seeds in their brain for judgment. Then after they finish say, “I’m really impressed that you figured that out.”

 

Here’s another question that may also be on your mind: “How do you tell the difference between a friend who goes too far and will either get in trouble or put themselves in a dangerous situation and someone who doesn’t?” Then again, drill down and ask them to explain. 

 

The more your child comes up with their own insights and solutions, the more they will develop confidence.  The more you tell them what to do, the less confident they’ll become.

(c) Mark Goulston

On a different issue but still on the topic of confidence, if you want to build confidence in your strategy and messaging, catch best selling author, Dan Heath present, Strategy and Messaging: Making Your Ideas Stick on August 28.

 

 

 

Posted on August 18th, 2008 by Mark Goulston

Infidelity: How Do You Tell your Children about the Affair? You Shouldn’t, Experts Say

When former presidential nominee John Edwards admitted he’d cheated on his wife, the question on some minds was how someone touted as a family man told his wife – and his three children about the affair. 

“How do you tell your children about the affair? You don’t,” said Divorce360 Rosalind Sedacca, author of ”How Do I Tell the Kids about the Divorce? A Create-a-Storybook Guide to Preparing Your Children — with Love!” “Unless they are celebrity or politician kids who unfortunately learn about it in the news, this is not a topic to discuss with your children unless they are over 18 or even older. This is adult business of the most complex nature and cannot be assimilated into explanations for children.”

Edwards has admitted have a brief affair with Rielle Hunter, a film producer, who was paid more than $100,000 for webisodes about Edwards’ run for president. Edwards is accused of being the father of her baby daughter, though both he and she have denied the allegations. She also has refused to take a paternity test to disprove the allegations. 

    TAKE OUR POLL: Should you tell the kids?

Elizabeth Edwards’ friend, Hargrave McElroy, told People magazine that she made the decision to stay with her husband after discovering her breast cancer had returned and was terminal.  ’She couldn’t say, ‘Well, maybe we’ll work through this for years, or maybe we should separate for two years,’ McElroy told the magazine. ‘[The cancer] forced her to choose whether to move forward.’ 

McElroy said her friend made the decision that she didn’t want her children, Jack, 8, Emma Claire, 10, and Cate, 26, to be without both of their parents. Elizabeth’s brother, Jay Anania, told People magazine that the couple have not discussed the scandal with their children. ‘The kids are, to a certain extent, oblivious,” he said.

That’s not necessarily true, according to Divorce360 expert Dr. Gilda Carle, author of ”How to Win when your Mate Cheats.”  “The kids already know on some level that mom and dad are not getting along and there is family tension. So it’s just a matter of sitting them down and giving words to their instincts — if they’re old enough.” 

Divorce360 expert Tina B. Tessina, Ph.D., of Long Beach, Calif., said the couple should work out their personal problems before involving the children. “In Edward’s case, the media make it impossible to keep it secret from the kids, but most couples don’t have that problem,” she said. “The betrayed spouse, of course is upset, but needs to be careful who she tells in her anguish.

In cases where the cheater isn’t a public figure, Tessina said, “It’s much better to have a confidential and objective support person, like a counselor, to talk to.  I have worked with couples where the angry wife told everyone, and now that the couple have reconciled, her family are making things difficult. Pick a person or two who can be trusted not to tell, and use them for support — but don’t indiscriminately tell a lot of people the gossip will be difficult for you later, and for your children. 

Why does she think this is important? “So many couples recover from this, and decide to stay together; but you can’t know at the outset how you’re going to feel later,” Tessina said.

However, she does think there are some cases, like in the Edwards affair, where the children might learn about it despite a couple’s best efforts to keep the matter private. “Older children, like the Edwards’ adult daughter, might be told, but younger children should be told only that ‘Mommy and Daddy are having a problem, but we’re working to fix it.’ Your children are not your confidantes,” she said.

Dr. Gilda suggests couples who talk to their children about marital problems should not mention cheating or an affair. “That’s too much information. It’s best if both parents could explain that they have been having problems as a couple, but they still love the kids. The kids will probably blame themselves in part and try to fix the couples’ ills. Let them know this must be worked out by both parents on their own. The kids will have questions as time goes on, so answer them honestly, but without going into detail. The most important thing is to make the kids feel secure at a time when you might not feel so secure yourself.”

Sedacca thinks most couples, who do not have to deal with public notoriety, simply shouldn’t bring children into the equation. ”It’s not fair to them and it can only create pain and sorrow in their lives,” she said. “Affairs are not black and white issues with simplistic explanations involving good guys and bad guys. The subject should not be broached and children should never be forced to condemn or feel guilty about loving one of their parents.”

“When your children are adults you can talk to them and explain the circumstances along with why you made the decisions you made at the time,” she added. 

WHAT TO TELL YOUR KIDS AFTER YOU’VE LIED AND THE CAT IS OUT OF THE BAG

By Dr. Mark Goulston, M.D., clinical psychiatrist and author of a number of books, including ”The 6 Secrets of a Lasting Relationship: How to Fall in Love Again…and Stay There.”

If the goal is to do the least harm to the children, parents should work together on what and how to tell the children in a way in which their fears (which will still be considerable) should be allayed as much as is possible. That may include using a therapist to meet with family to translate if necessary or draw children out.  Also if there is more than one child it is a good idea to speak with them together so they can talk to each other about it. If however, the children or others already know about the affair (a la John Edwards), a conversation between the cheating spouse and the children (with the other spouse present) might be called for. The general rule with kids is that it is less important what you tell them than what you get them to tell and ask you. Here are 10 tips: 

1. Ask them if and what they have heard about the situation?

2. Ask they what they have thought or felt about what they have heard?

3. Tell them the facts of what happened that are appropriate for their age. In other words don’t tell them more than they need or want to hear.

4. Answer what they are asking as specifically and honestly as you can and tell them you are sorry and you were wrong with no excuses or explanations. (Later on in their lives you may go into explanations if and when they might want to understand your motives which you can write about in tip 10 below.)

5. After they ask you whatever they ask you and you answer them, ask them what they are most upset about?

6. After they go into that, if they don’t cover the following, ask them what they are most worried about, scared about, and disappointed about?

7. When they answer look them in their eyes, because they need to see that their upset has caused you real pain. Their seeing this is what remorse is and it is critical for them to feel that if you promise to not do it again, you won’t. If all they see is regret, it doesn’t ring true.

8. If they ask you why you did it, give them the honest answer, even if it is: “I don’t know,” or “I was selfish,”  or “I was not happy and instead of talking it out with mom/dad and trying to fix it, I did what I did” (which is one of the lessons they and you should learn from this) again looking them directly in their eyes. Keep in mind that as disappointed or angry as your children are in you, they want to forgive you, but they need a reason to do it. If they see that true pain (referred to as agape meaning experiencing pain when you see someone else in pain).  They are more likely to forgive you, but don’t expect them to ever forget.

9. Accept that once you have this conversation it is not over, because as they grow older they will revisit it depending on thier current age.

10. Keep a special notebook with each of their names on it where you write down thoughts about them including your hopes, worries, concerns, fears about and for them and your regrets. At some point either age 18, if they are reasonably mature, or age 21, give each of them that notebook. Don’t use this as an opportunity to try to get them to feel sorry for you or let you off the hook. This will serve as evidence that you thought about them as they grew up and will counter their feeling that you are a narcissist who can’t think about anyone but yourself.

Posted on August 16th, 2008 by Mark Goulston

What can Obama do with the same old song?

“Yes we can.” Boy did I love that the first time I heard it and the second, third, yadda, yadda, yadda. But I must admit that after the nth time of hearing it, my mind moved back to my day job and earning a living for my family.

I don’t think I am alone in my loss of excitement now that the primaries between Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama are over. The underdog, or perhaps just the “anti-Hillary” won the semi-final. Perhaps I’ll regain that enthusiasm once the Obama-McCain finals take place.

So rather than sharing my thoughts about Barack Obama’s current and future challenges, I will just say them with some songs.

Since Obama has no Hillary to fight…

It’s the same old song

Now it’s the same old song
But with a different meaning
Since you been gone
It’s the same old song
But with a different meaning
Since you been gone…

(lyrics by Holland-Dozier-Holland)

Hear It’s the Same Old Song.


 

Regarding the campaign from now until November 6. Obama’s challenge is not so much his message, but the short attention span of the world that became so enamored by and with him during the primaries. I am a “dyed in the wool” baby boomer, but I, too, fall into the trap of the attention span–challenged generations that follow me. So although I love the following song, I think this is Obama’s challenge between now and election day…

How Do You Keep the Music Playing

How do you keep the music playing, how do you make it last
How do keep the song from fading too fast
How do you lose yourself to someone, and never lose your way
How do you not run out of new things to say

And since you know we’re always changing, how can it be the same…

(lyrics by Michel LeGrand and Alan Bergman)

Hear How Do You Keep the Music Playing

Posted on August 16th, 2008 by Mark Goulston

Parenting: Getting Divorced? Three Tips to Cope as your Child Goes Back to School

By DIVORCE360.COM

If you and your spouse have split up during the summer, going back to school can be a traumatic time for your child as he or she faces the prospect of what it means to have divorced parents. Divorce360.com experts offered three tips to help during the new school year. They include:

1. Meet the new teacher.
Jodi Seidler, founder of the single parenting site, makinglemonade.com, thinks it is always good to meet with the new teacher. Let her/him know your child comes from a divorced home (or a shared custody home). That way, the teacher knows…if a child acts out — the divorce could be a reason. I always introduced myself to my son’s teachers, up through middle school; I felt we were co-parents because they had my son during the day. Always good to keep the other in the loop and keep a line of communication open.

2. Share contact information for both parents.
Dr. Jann Blackstone-Ford, Psy.D., director of the non-profit Bonus Families and author of “Ex-Etiquette for Parents: Good Behavior After Divorce or Separation,” suggests both parents should send an e-mail or call the school to make sure the school has both addresses and contact numbers. In addition, she suggests that you should not rely on the other parent to communicate with your child’s teacher for you. If they are angry, they won’t do it. Then you are angry. Ask teachers for two of everything so that both parents can stay abreast of their child’s work.

3. Make transitions easy.
See this as a time to focus more on your child’s adjustment and try to put your divorce issues on the back burner for now, said Phyllis Goldberg, Ph.D., and Rosemary Lichtman, Ph.D., authors of “Sandwiched Boomers: How to Nourish Relationships without StarvingYourself,” and founders of hermentercenter.com, a site devoted to women in transition.

Tina Tessina, Ph.D., also known as Dr. Romance, has written a number of relationship book on marriage and divorce. Her tip: to make life easier when kids are moving between two different houses, especially after they go back to school, make mindful transitions.

When saying goodbye to your child who will be going to the other parent’s house, be sure to say “I love you, I’ll miss you.” but don’t make it too emotional. Then, when your child comes home, have a short debriefing. Ask how the child’s stay was, remind him that the rules in your house are different, and let him know any changes that may have occurred. Preparing your child in this way, and helping him negotiate the changes from one house to another will make your time together go more smoothly.

Phyllis Goldberg, Ph.D. and Rosemary Lichtman, Ph.D.Website: www.HerMentorCenter.comBlog: www.NourishingRelationships.blogspot.com Authors of:”Sandwiched Boomers: How to Nourish Relationships without StarvingYourself”

4. Talk about school routines.
Rosalind Sedacca, author of “How Do I Tell the Kids about the Divorce?A Create-a-Storybook Guide to Preparing Your Children — with Love!,” said school can add a new level of complexity to the life of children recently faced with divorce. The key to success involves two factors: open communication and smooth transition into school routines. When Mom and Dad are on the same page regarding school routines, children will adjust much more rapidly – even if transitions between homes are involved. Discuss the routine details first between you and your ex to handle any disagreements, emergency procedures, meals, pick-up, weather, after-school activities and all the other components of the school week. Once you both agree, make some simple written notes to share with your children. Keep the steps simple and be consistent.

5. Ask questions.
Sedacca also said parents should not be afraid to ask questions and discuss emotions with the kids. “Are you nervous about seeing your old friends? Are you afraid to tell them about Mom and Dad getting a divorce? Do you think they will care? What will you say to the coach? How did you feel when Johnny asked if your Dad’s moved out of the house?”

Sharing your own fears and insecurities when talking to your own friends and work associates can be helpful to let children know they are not alone. Don’t make them feel guilty or ashamed of whatever they feel. Empathy goes a long way toward acknowledging that your children are okay in feeling what they feel. Let them know that this too will pass and life will move on into a new normal.

6. Give your child a safe place to vent.
Blackstone-Ford, author of the book “Ex-Etiquette for Parents,” suggests finding a forum for the child to be able to share their emotions, whether in private counseling or a kids of divorce group. Make sure the child has a place to vent his or her concerns or worries and a trusted adult who can ease that worry with constructive suggestions.

7. Listen to your child.
Most importantly, according to Mark Goulston, M.D., a business advisor, consultant, trainer and clinical psychiatrist, listening to your child is the key to making the transition back to school after the split. His advice: The more you want to talk, the more you need to listen. It’s less important what you tell kids than what you get them to tell you.

His suggestion: the best place for a heart to heart talk is when you are driving with a child, because you’re both looking forward instead eye to eye, which can lead to a head to head stalemate (remind you of any legal proceeding recently?). When you’re taking that ride, ask your child: “I’m curious about something, would it be okay if I asked you a question?” If they respond, “No,” then you respond in a calm, matter-of-fact way, “Okay, it’ll keep” and then let it go.

That will drive them nuts and in most cases cause them to ask you, “What did you want to ask?” At that point say, “I was just wondering…going forward how can you tell the difference between a subject you need to stay on top of versus one that you can get away with putting it off to the last minute?” Then whatever they say, respond with, “Really (in a inquiring versus challenging tone), tell me how you figured that out.” And then don’t get into an argument or do a bait and switch and sneak in a lecture. That only indicates that you really weren’t interested in their answer or helping them develop judgment. All you cared about was their obeying you. This is a way to plant the seeds in their brain for judgment.

Here’s another question that may also be on your mind: “How do you tell the difference between a friend who goes too far and will either get in trouble or put themselves in a dangerous situation and someone who doesn’t?” Then again, drill down and ask them to explain.

This is all in line with a quote from my friend Tim Gallwey, author of the “Inner Game of Tennis (Skiing, Golf, Work),” who said: “If you give a child a fish, you feed him for a day; If you teach a child to fish, you feed him for a life time; But if you teach a child to learn, you feed him for a life time…And he doesn’t have to just eat fish.”

(c) DIVORCE360

Posted on August 13th, 2008 by Mark Goulston

By Sarah Jio

(LifeWire) — Elizabeth Blackney says her heart goes out to Elizabeth Edwards, wife of former Democratic presidential hopeful Sen. John Edwards, because she’s been there, too.

Blackney was just 22 and pregnant when she found out in 1995 her husband had been having an extramarital affair.

“It occurred to me that I hadn’t seen the phone bill come in the mail for a while,” says the now 36-year-old mother in Bend, Oregon. A quick call to the phone company confirmed that her husband had requested the bills be sent to a post office box that she was unaware of.

After Blackney had the bills rerouted to their home address, she discovered what he was hiding: a long-distance relationship with another woman. When Blackney called the woman’s number to investigate, she found out that her husband not only had a mistress, but that he’d told the other woman that Blackney had died in childbirth.

“I was horrified,” Blackney, the political director for BlogTalkRadio.com, says. “It was almost sociopathic.”

Shortly after her daughter’s birth, Blackney’s husband was deployed to the Middle East with the United States Air Force. Through letters and phone calls, they gradually reconciled. “I decided to forgive him,” she says.

But fate intervened. In April 1998, he mysteriously disappeared before he was scheduled to board a plane in California to fly to Oregon, where the couple had planned to reunite. Several days later, his body washed up on the Pacific Ocean coast at Vandenberg Air Force Base, where he was stationed at the time. “No one knows what happened,” says Blackney.

Blackney has never remarried or questioned her decision to forgive the infidelity. “As difficult as our relationship was, he was the love of my life,” she says of her late spouse, who is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

“I know people who have been married 30 or 40 years who don’t know the moments of happiness that he and I knew in our brief but turbulent marriage,” says Blackney.

The psychology of cheating

Infidelity can be brutal, but it doesn’t always precipitate divorce, according to Pepper Schwartz, Ph.D., a University of Washington psychologist and chief relationship expert at PerfectMatch.com.

“I do think that marriages can weather this,” says Schwartz. “But will they ever be the same? No.” VideoWatch insider on the affair and Edwards family »

So why do people have affairs? “There are hundreds of reasons,” she explains.

Relief from tedium, says Schwartz, is a big one. “I’ve known women in loving marriages who claim that they have lost their sexual appetite,” she says. “But then when asked if Brad Pitt walked in the room and declared his love, would they feel moved? And the answer is most always ‘yes’.”

Other times cheating stems from low self esteem or feelings of self validation. “They’ll say, ‘I’ve been a good girl all my life, now it’s my time to have some fun’,” she says. “Or, ‘I deserve this one little thing’.”

And like former Sen. John Edwards’ admission that he had begun to regard himself as “special,” Schwartz has seen many other men and women fall into what she calls the “king or queen syndrome.”

“Some people get a sense of entitlement,” she explains. “They say to themselves, ‘I can do this without getting caught, without falling in love. Gosh, I deserve this, and I really want this’.”

Women aren’t the only victims

Men and women both have affairs, but not necessarily for the same reasons, says Mark Goulston, M.D., a marriage expert at Divorce360.com and author of “The Six Secrets of a Lasting Relationship: How to Fall in Love Again — and Stay There.” While men often break their marriage vows for reasons that include ego, a need for adulation and sometimes narcissistic behavior, he says, women tend to be tempted for different reasons.

“Women more often fall in love [with someone else] to feel adored and with a promise of protection and to ease pain,” Goulston explains.

Rick Singer, 31, a writer who splits his time between Grand Cayman Island and Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, says that when his wife had an affair last year, it caught him completely off guard — especially since she had just given birth to the couple’s twin boys six months prior.

“I thought we had trust in each other,” he says. “I had had trust in her.”

The news, which he learned of from his children’s nanny, broke his heart — and crushed his ego.

“I ended up checking myself into the hospital,” he says. “The rage and hurt in my heart was so intense. I didn’t want to do something stupid.”

But he says he worked through his grief, and realized that he needed to move on.

Now divorced, Singer says he can’t forget the pain he endured, but he has forgiven his ex-wife and today they have a cordial relationship. “Forgiveness isn’t just for the other person,” he says. “It’s for yourself, too.”

Reconcile or move on?

Should you stay or should you leave your cheating partner? “It really depends,” says Schwartz. “It’s important to distinguish between a dead marriage and a dead patch.”

The key questions, she says, are: “Did you love each other before, and do you love each other now?” If the answers to both are yes, it’s worth reconciling for. It’s tough, she admits, but “I’ve seen people do this all the time.”

A sign that a relationship is doomed? When you realize that your goal is to punish your spouse for their infidelity, says Schwartz, or when the cheating partner refuses to change.

“If it’s a dead marriage, where you both barely even like each other, it may be fate’s way of telling you to give up,” she adds.

But, if you’ve been cheated on, take heart. “One of the myths out there is that if someone cheats, they’re going to do it again and again,” says Schwartz. “Most people just do it once, and never again. The guilt, the fear that their partner will find out — it consumes them.”

LifeWire provides original and syndicated lifestyle content to Web publishers. Sarah Jio’s work has appeared in ‘SELF,” “Glamour,” “Cooking Light” and many other publications.

Posted on August 12th, 2008 by Mark Goulston

Confidence without competence is arrogance.
And you won’t fool anyone with an ounce of discernment.
Competence is the ability (skills) and capacity (resources)
to produce a positive measurable result
based upon many instances (vs. being a one trick pony)
of having done it.

Next week: Build confidence in your child before they go back to school

To build confidence in your strategy and messaging, catch best selling author, Dan Heath present, Strategy and Messaging: Making Your Ideas Stick on August 28.

Find out why “Edwards’ Political Future is over.”

Posted on August 12th, 2008 by Mark Goulston

Expert Says Edwards’ Political Future Is Over

August 12, 2008

Kris Alingod - AHN News Writer

Washington, D.C. (AHN) - Despite finally telling the truth about an extramarital affair with a female staffer, former North Carolina Senator John Edwards’ political career is probably over according to psychiatrist and personal coach Dr. Mark Goulston.

Having an affair with novice filmmaker Rielle Hunter during the 2008 presidential campaign “while his much admired wife was battling terminal cancer will be seen as unforgivable and unpardonable,” Goulston told AHN in an interview.

Furthermore, “Edwards’ [affair] is seen as more egregious, because of the physical state of Elizabeth and because of the heartfelt way she seems to have supported her husband,” Goulston explained.

“Also so far, his way of showing regret but not manifesting true remorse comes off as disingenuous. Manifesting true remorse is one of the most difficult things for narcissistic people. To do it you need to be able to empathize vs. sympathize with those you have hurt and narcissistic people have nearly an inability to to do this,” Goulston added.

Since admitting his affair, Edwards has released a statement saying, “I was and am ashamed of my conduct and choices, and I had hoped that it would never become public. With my family, I took responsibility for my actions in 2006 and today I take full responsibility publicly.”

Nonetheless, Edwards repeatedly denied having an affair with Hunter when asked during the campaign.

The admission has rocked the Democratic party, including supporters of Sen. Hillary Clinton (D-NY), who believe if Edwards would have admitted his infidelity earlier, the former first lady would have stood a stronger chance of being chosen as the Democratic nominee for president.

Copyright (c) 2003 - 2008 AHN - All rights reserved.

 

Posted on August 6th, 2008 by Mark Goulston

When you start spending more time
with people you respect and want respect from
those you don’t become utterly repulsive to you.
And you can’t remain long in a relationship
with someone that makes your skin crawl.

This Usable Insight was inspired by my good friend Ed Hollander’s blog, “Cutting Your Losses.” It’s amazing how inspiring a genuine, vulnerable and authentic blog like his can be. I encourage you to visit and post comments.

It’s amazing how long you can remain in an awful relationship and make all kinds of excuses for staying there. If by good fortune,or by realizing that there is a better life possible for you may start to think differently. And if you then start spending more time with people you respect and esteem, you will discover that your tolerance for the losers quickly turns to intolerance and then repulsion.

As the adage goes, “Where there’s a will there’s way,” and disgust is a very powerful means of giving you that will to leave.

If you think this is a bit on the harsh side, I’ve got Dhammapada, a Buddhist book of scripture to back me up as contributed to me by Morgan Smith of the Burns Advisory Group:

Verse 61. Do Not Associate With The Ignorant

If a wayfarer fails to find
one better or equal,
steadfast he should fare alone
for a fools no fellowship.

Explanation: People need companions. But if one does not find a person who is better than, or at least equal to oneself, it is better to be alone rather than keep company with foolish people. There is no profitable companionship with fools.

BTW it will not be easy to cut your losses with such people because they “will not go gently into that good night” (of no longer being able to suck the life out of you). When you do decide to pull the trigger, don’t get into a debate, because you can’t argue with ignorant blamers or complainers. Be concise, to the point, steadfast and non-negotiable. Let them have the last word, respond with: “I’m sorry you see it that way,” then exit and once you’re out of view, run as fast as you can.

To get a taste of what a classy, wise and respectworthy person sounds like, catch my former mentor and now good friend Warren Bennis in his recent “Leading for a Lifetime” teleforum at Leading News. I must admit that having Warren as an addition in my life, greatly accelerated my repulsion for people I should have cut loose long ago.

If you get on a roll of wanting to hear from other great people, you will also want to catch, Cathy Greenberg’s webinar on “What Happy Companies Know: How Peer Coaching Delivers ” on August 12.

And finally you might also want to catch best selling author, Dan Heath present, Strategy and Messaging: Making Your Ideas Stick on August 28.

Posted on July 28th, 2008 by Mark Goulston

first seen at:


Have you ever stared into the darkness
beyond arm’s length of your partner and asked yourself?
“What am I doing here?”

The way partners share a bed says a huge amount about how much they really like each other, trust and feel safe with each other.

Relationships: How You Snuggle at Night Can Give Hints about the Health of your Marriage

Do you like to snuggle up to your honey under the covers, or are you the type who needs your space? Your behavior in bed may be trying to tell you something important bout the health of your relationship.”The way partners share a bed says a huge amount how much they really like each other, trust and feel safe with each other,” says Dr. Mark Goulston of the University of California. “Analyzing sleep positions can highlight trouble spots they may not even be aware of.”Recognizing what these unconscious signs indicate can help couples iron out problems before they reach a crisis, Goulston adds.

1. The Spoon.
One partner cuddled up to the back of the other is the most common position in the first few years of a relationship. It implies physical trust and a feeling of complete emotional safety. “For many couples the Spoon is a comforting cocoon,” says Baltimore psychologist and marital therapist Shirley Glass.

2. The Lovers Hug.
Typically the man is on his back with his arm around his partner and her head on his shoulder. Utter contentment is the hallmark here. “You’re literally being brought in under the wing,” Glass says. “It’s a very nurturing position.”

3. The Hooked Leg.
Casually touching your partner with your foot or leg indicates a healthy camaraderie. “They are showing a need for closeness as well as a desire to maintain individuality,” Goulston says.

4. Back to Back.
Faced away from each other with only your buttocks touching allows a private connection without clinging. “Like two circles, separate but overlapping, this position is a perfect definition of interdependence,” Glass contends.

5. The Pursuit.
If your partner moves to the far side of the bed and you pursue, it’s not necessarily a bad sign. “The partner who distances may actually want to be pursued,” says Glass. “It’s a test.”

6. Opposite Sides.
If there’s an ocean of sheet between you, closeness is fading and stress is building between you. “They’re avoiding a lot of issues and don’t trust each other,” says Goulston. “They are probably thinking, ‘What am I doing here?’”

7. Baby on Board .
If one partner continually brings the kid to bed, he or she may be expressing a fear of intimacy. Erecting this barrier is a way to prevent meaningful discussion of important issues. They must talk about why they feel this and work towards feeling comfortable,” Goulston advises.

8. Fido Invasion.
If your mate plops your pet between you in bed every night, it’s time to sit down and have a little talk. “He or she needs more affection, fears rejection and wants to put a barrier between themselves and a partner,” Goulston explains

(c) divorce360.com

As Told to Oprah (on show about divorced couples who got back together)

The Ten Secrets of Highly Happy Couples

Why Men won’t say, “I love you”

The Secret to Solving Any Relationship Problem

12 Hints It’s Time to Call It Quits in Your Relationship

How to Earn Back Trust After Betrayal

No Nonsense Marital Counseling

Divorce-Proof Your Next Marriage

3 Relationship Killers, 3 Relationship Builders

Purchase Mark’s landmark book: The 6 Secrets of a Lasting Relationship: How to Fall in Love Again…and Stay ThereCustomer reviews

Posted on July 27th, 2008 by Mark Goulston

Thank you for joining us for a discussion focused on “Leading For A
Lifetime” with Dr. Warren Bennis and Patricia Wheeler, executive coach and
managing partner of The Levin Group (www.TheLevinGroup.com).

In addition to the following notes, we are attaching a bonus article about
Warren from last week’s edition of The Economist.  We hope you enjoy it!

JOIN WARREN, PATRICIA AND MARSHALL AT THE #1 RANKED LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM THIS SEPTEMBER!
Warren is co-founder and co-chair of Linkage’s Global Institute for
Leadership Development, named for the second year in a row as the #1 ranked
program by Leadership Excellence magazine.  Our friends at Linkage offer
Leading News subscribers a $500 Discount on registration.visit
http://gild.linkageinc.com for details (and enter GILD08-PW for your
discount).

The mp3 link for this TeleForum is:
http://www.leadingnews.org/tfarchive/20080729.mp3.
We recommend you copy and paste the link into your browser.
You may also visit http://www.leadingnews.org/tfarchive.htm and right click
the mp3 link to save it.

During this 60-minute conference call we discussed the points below plus
fielded your specific questions.

1.  Forged by fire: how life experiences cultivate leadership
- Interviews with leaders confirm that how individuals respond to crises and
challenges galvanize their approach to the world and their leadership
ability
- Two types of crucibles involve people who voluntarily “dive into
challenges” (think: individuals who occupy political office) and unbidden
events (think: Nelson Mandela’s imprisonment).
- Both of these experiences, in which we face great pressure, ambiguity and
uncertainty, either galvanize us toward increased strength or set us on the
road to discouragement and giving up.
- What makes the difference? While we don’t know for certain, we believe
that it is a “focus on the possible” and the decision to continue moving
forward in the face of adversity that makes the difference.
- Each one of us can cultivate this ability!
- To gain maximum traction from these life crucibles, we must be open to the
unbidden.
- What are the leadership crucibles you have already experienced, and what
have you learned from them?
- How can you help others embrace and learn from these crucibles as well?

2.  Geeks, geezers and “living a life of uncontaminated wonder”
- Interviews with leaders over 70 and leaders 30 and under yielded a number
of differences due to the era in which one is raised; geezers focused on
earning a living, geeks focused on greater meaning and life balance.
- Successful leaders in both generations had in common these qualities: they
were lifelong learners who were curious and creative; they accepted and
thrived in ambiguous situations; they reached out to others and they were,
in Saul Bellow’s words, “first class noticers.”
- To thrive in the long run, we must continue to notice what’s new, what
engages us, and avoid “long run-itis.”
- The qualities that contributed most to developing leadership capabilities
were identical to qualities that help people live well decade after decade.
- In your organization, how are you using the talents and perspectives of
all generations in your workforce?

3.  Leading with transparency and candor
- In today’s digital world transparency is inevitable!  This is due to the
rapid proliferation of the blogosphere.
- Warren participated in an MIT study in the 1950’s which demonstrated that
collaboration leads to better performance when solving complex problems.  A
“top-down” structure in which all information had to flow through a single
point of contact worked well when decisions were easy to make.  For complex
tasks and ambiguous decisions, a more “transparent” information flow in
which people connected with one another led to more efficient and effective
decision making.
- In his 2007 book Global Edge, Joel Kurtzman makes the case that
transparency has a measurable ROI, and “high opacity” cultures in which
bribery, fraud and secrecy prevail ultimately cause more economic harm than
occurrences such as natural disasters and terrorism.
- Transparency creates an atmosphere of trust and safety, which fosters
productivity and engagement.
- How are you fostering.or impeding.transparency in your organization?

4.  Patricia and Warren’s suggested action steps for leaders
- Assume that each organization, and each of us, has barriers and blind
spots.  Know yourself.even if you think you are transparent and open with
others, do others perceive this?
- Investigate what blogs and forums say about you and your company.  Work
with the increased flow of information rather than attempt to stifle it.
- Ask yourself: who do I listen to?  Who do I NOT listen to?
- Ask yourself how information flow was handled in your own family.  What
did you and others notice?  Not notice?  Communicate about?  Decide to
ignore?  Remember: we bring our learning about how to be part of a family
into our experience with “corporate families.”

To contact Warren, you may call his USC assistant, Marie Dolittle, at 213
740-0766.  For managers and executives or teams interested in coaching,
mentoring or teambuilding Warren recommends Dr. Mark Goulston, whom he has
mentored and worked closely with for years.  You can contact Mark by email
at: mgoulston@markgoulston.com.

As developing your current and future leaders is our business, please let us
know if you have further questions or if we can be of help to you and your
organization in developing your talent.  We have deep expertise in building
leadership capability, and assisting leaders making transitions into their
organization’s most senior roles.

We hope you enjoyed our discussion.  As follow-up.could you please send us
any specific questions you have from our call- or topics you would like for
us to cover in future calls?  We always appreciate your FeedForward.  And
please let us know if there is any way we can help you and your organization
be even more successful.

For those of you who are first time visitors, we will subscribe you to
Leading News, so that you can take advantage of our articles and events.
Please stay tuned for upcoming Leading News TeleForums, and watch for the
signup link in our newsletter.    We thank you for your interest in our
articles and events.

Best,
Patricia and Marshall

Posted on July 22nd, 2008 by Mark Goulston
  • Bright is turning nothing into something (think of the invention of the pre-Mac operating system at Xerox).
  • Smart is turning something into everything (think how Steve Jobs lifted that secret and created Macintosh, and then how Bill Gates lifted it again and created Windows)
  • Wise is knowing what’s important (think of Bill Gates now focusing on his and his wife’s foundation)

Where do you learn wisdom? You learn if from reading and if you’re fortunate spending time with wise people.

If you happen upon wise people, do everything you can to build a relationship with them, by being generous to them for the privilege of their spending time with you. They will change your life and change what you leave behind for the better.

I have been blessed to have known a few in my time including presently Warren Bennis. He knows what’s important and what isn’t. He is much more interesting than me (or most people I know), but his wisdom causes him to be a deep listener, which most wise people are.

To catch a taste of Warren live in a free teleforum, you won’t want to miss “Leading for a Lifetime” on July 29 at 10 AM PST/1 PM EST at Leading News. For more information see below:

Marshall Goldsmith and Patricia Wheeler invite you to a Thought Leader Teleforum
on Tuesday July 29th at 1 PM Eastern time.

Our July TeleForum features noted leadership expert Dr. Warren Bennis, who will discuss “Leading For A Lifetime”, moderated by Executive Coach Patricia Wheeler.

Warren’s thought leadership spans five decades. He is currently Professor and founding chair of The Leadership Institute at the University of Southern California, and the author of 29 books. His two most recent books are Judgment (with Noel Tichy) and Transparency: Creating a Culture of Candor.

During this 60-minute conference call we will be discussing the three points below plus fielding your specific questions:

  1. Forged by fire: how life experiences cultivate leadership
  2. Geeks, geezers and “living a life of uncontaminated wonder
  3. Leading with transparency and candor

There is no charge for this TeleForum, which will be held at 10 AM Pacific/1 PM Eastern time on Tuesday July 29th. Please click here to register. If this link does not work in your browser, you may cut and paste the following URL: www.LeadingNews.org/signupgc.htm.

To adjust for international time zones, you can visit World Time Converter.

If you have further questions, please contact Patricia Wheeler at 404 377-9408.

We look forward to your participation!

Patricia and Marshall

Posted on July 22nd, 2008 by Mark Goulston

logo

July 22, 2008

The Leading Edge - Gold Medal Mindset - The Mind of an Olympian

Getting your mind on track to win

Visualization – The Eye of a Tiger

In the late 1980’s an area of the prefrontal cortex macaque monkeys was discovered that has been named the “mirror neuron [1]” system.

This group of neurons fire when you watch an action in another primate, when you visualize it in your mind’s eye and then when you actually do it. They are hypothesized to be the site responsible for imitation, learning and empathy and when defective as a possible site leading to autism [2].

That may mean that when an athlete visualizes a ski trail, the flight of a ball, jumping over a hurdle, etc. that this part of the brain actually believes they have done it. That may explain why so many athletes use visualization in their training.

Mental Toughness - The Heart of a Tiger

One of Tiger Wood’s earliest coaches used a 3 R method for helping him stay centered and focused after hitting a bad shot: React, Refocus, Reengage.

React – It feels lousy and upsetting to make a mistake anytime, anywhere for almost anybody. Reacting means naming what you feel and then feeling it, without acting on it. Matthew Lieberman [3] at UCLA has shown that attaching the correct emotional word to a feeling and saying to yourself or better someone else (like a coach), “I feel x” reduces amygdala activation (emotionality) in the middle brain by a significant percentage.

Refocus – After you have acknowledged and accepted it, breathe slowly and deeply several times and let it go. This “exhaling” will free up mind space and enable you to refocus on what you need to do.

Reengage - After you have had a chance to refocus and possibly tap again into your mirror neuron system described above, reengage and then “execute.” That is the word Tiger uses in the moment before he hits a shot.


Posted on July 19th, 2008 by Mark Goulston

The Secret to Marrying a Billionaire: Brains

Posted By Robert Frank On July 14, 2008 @ 4:09 pm In Lifestyle | 31 Comments

The key to marrying a billionaire, according to the media, is beauty. Grace, charm, intelligence, manners and a talent for flattery help, of course. Yet from Doris Duke to Melania Trump, billionaire wives have been expected first and foremost to be stunners — well-decorated accessories and showcases for their husband’s wealth.

sdell_art_160_20080714160753.jpg

Susan Dell (via fitness.gov)

But today’s billionaires are different. They want an equal, not a bauble.
Forbes’ most-recent Billionaire Wives List declares that “looks are great — but brains are even better.” It also helps for a billionaire wife to be successful in her own right.

Here are some examples:

Sergey Brin — In 2007, the Google guy married Ann Wojcicki, who he met when he sublet a garage from Ms. Wojcicki’s sister. She is a Yale grad who was working as a health-care analyst when they met. She’s now launched her own biotech firm.

Larry Page — The other Google guy married Lucy Southworth, a Stanford “biomedical informatics doctoral student” — which sure beats “interior decorator” as far as billionaire-wife job titles go.

Kenneth Griffin — The Citadel hedge-fund chief is married to Anne Dias Griffin, who runs her own asset-management firm, Aragon Global Management. This is proof that the key to a good financial marriage — unlike the key to a good hedge fund — is high correlations.

Michael Dell — The computer king’s wife, Susan Dell, is no slouch in the business department. She’s chairman of her own fashion line, called Phi, and a triathlete.

How about it, readers? Any other Billionaire Wives who demonstrate that “equal” is better than “bauble”?


Article printed from The Wealth Report - WSJ.com: http://blogs.wsj.com/wealth

URL to article: http://blogs.wsj.com/wealth/2008/07/14/the-secret-to-marrying-a-billionaire-brains/

Posted on July 16th, 2008 by Mark Goulston

Leadership is creating the possibility of a future
that wasn’t going to happen otherwise
and then enrolling others
into taking action to fulfill that future.

- Ivan Rosenberg, CEO, Frontier Associates

Through The Effective Leader Program, Ivan and his company recently did that with the Housing Authority of the County of San Bernardino who had previously seen themselves as simply a provider of low cost housing for the disadvantaged. When looking from the present forward they didn’t think they could do anything to reduce the waiting period of 8 years because of limited resources.

After working with them to imagine beyond their imagination, they committed to everybody having a stable and enriched quality of life. And housing is the first stepping stone to accomplishing that. By standing in this new future, and looking backwards to the present, they were able to develop a doable strategic plan for reducing the wait time to 10 days.

If you’re like me, you also love both smart and wise approaches to solving problems.

For those of you who like listening to something that is really smart, you won’t want to miss, Dan Heath’s Virtual Seminar, Creating High-Impact Ideas that Work, a great live presentation for you and your team on August 28 presented by the Center for Great Management.

And one of the best opportunities to get a huge serving of wisdom will be to catch leadership guru, Warren Bennis, co-author of the recent book, Judgment, and just released book, Transparency, when he is interviewed on “Leading for a Lifetime,” a free TeleForum on Tuesday, July 29 at Leading News, hosted by Marshall Goldsmith and Patricia Wheeler.

(c) 2008 Mark Goulston

Posted on July 15th, 2008 by Mark Goulston

Illegal Procedure: Cheating and Pro Sports

No Matter What the Sport, Players Tempted by Travel, Adoration and Celebrity Status

Adultery in sports isn’t surprising to Doug Krikorian, a sports writer at The Press-Telegram in Long Beach, Calif. The more time he spent covering athletes, “I came to realize that marital infidelity was a commonplace occurence on the sporting scene,” Krikorian wrote in a July 12, 2008, column in the newspaper.

The issue of aduterous athletes isn’t a new one. But it’s certainly garnered more attention since Cynthia Rodriquez filed for divorce from Yankees third baseman Alex Rodriquez, alleging in court documents that the marriage has been “irretrievably broken because of the husband’s extramarital affairs.” A-Rod has been linked to several women, including pop superstar Madonna — a claim The Material Girl has denied.

Whatever happened and with whom, it’s not a suprising state of affairs, according to Peter E. Bronstein, a family law attorney with The Bronstein Schuck & Poller Group at Dreier LLP in New York. “Marriages for baseball players are difficult because the players travel a lot,” he said.

A spokeswoman for the National Institute of Marriage, a non-profit Christian counseling service, said travel — for athletes, celebrities or business travelers — often involves competition and sex can be used as a way to celebrate everything from winning a contract to a winning a game, according to a 2007 article in USA Today.

That’s true, says relationship expert Brenda Della Casa, author of “Cinderella Was a Liar,” which offers advice from real-life relationships. “Any career that puts you in a position where you are going to have access to adoring members of the opposite sex and situations where every whim is going to be catered to in terms of sexy vacations, clubs, etc. you are going to face temptation. This is why there is so much cheating that goes on during business trips and conferences. There is a sense of freedom and excess that is not normally there.”

Study results released in 2001 by Steven M. Ortiz, an assistant professor of sociology at Oregon State University, suggested a “culture of adultery” permeated professional sports. Ortiz, who presented his research on survival techniques of athletes’ wives at the American Sociological Association, interviewed the wives of 47 different professional athletes in the four major team sports - football, baseball, basketball and hockey — over a four-year period.

“One thing that I learned from the interviews is that these women are strong,” Ortiz said shortly after releasing the study. “If they don’t know what the lifestyle is like, they quickly learn. And then they develop strategies to manage that ongoing stress.”

“Money, power and celebrity are all aphrodisiacs. They draw out temptation like months to a flame. The problem is compounded because the sports figures are on the road for protracted periods, (often) without their spouses,” said New York divorce attorney Daniel E. Clement, who writes a blog about family and divorce law.

Jay P. Granat, a New York psychotherapist, author and founder of stayinthezone.com, which focuses on helping athletes achieve peak performance, doesn’t think “infidelity is any more frequent amongst athletes than it is among the general population.” The issue, he believes, is that “some athletes are used to getting a lot of adoration and attention and some have impulse control issues.”

It’s not just professional athletes, said Dr. Gilda Carle, relationship expert for match.com. “The thing about celebs, whether they are sports figures or not, is that civilians throw themselves at them. For better or for worse, famous people are made to be America’s royalty. Before they know it, the celebs buy into all the adulation they get, and they begin to believe their own press. Sports personalities in particular are body-consious, and their hormones drive them — as well as their fans.”

Complicating matters, Granat said, “Because some professional athletes have devoted so much time and energy to their craft, they can be a bit undeveloped when it comes to sustaininga mature and mongomous relationship.”

California psychotherapist, Tina B. Tessina, Ph.D., author of “The Commuter Marriage: Keep your Relationship Close While You’re Far Apart,” said “Pro sports is an area where grown men are encouraged not to be emotionally adult. It’s not necessary — emotional maturity should make a better player, not a worse one. But, a sports star is making money for a lot of people, so they (can often) indulge his (or her) baser instincts.”

Still, Della Casa said it’s not just athletes who indulge: “Conservative estimates say 60 percent of married men and 40 percent of married women are unfaithful to their partners at least once in their lives and they are not all rich or famous. You cannot prevent anyone from placing your mental, emotional and physical health at risk if they decide they want to cheat on you but you can sit down and discuss your expectations and boundaries and have a plan for when a partner is tempted and don’t kid yourself, many good, decent people get tempted, they just don’t cheat.”

TIPS FOR THE PROS (AND YOU) TO CONSIDER TO AVOID STRAYING

1. Set Ground Rules.
Know how you will respond before your partner acts on temptation, according to California psychiatrist Dr. Mark Goulston, author of “The 6 Secret of a Lasting Relationship: How to Fall in Love Again…and Stay There.” “Set up some ground rules before stuff happens such as, ‘I know that …you will be offered and tempted by other women, etc. You are certainly free to act on those impulses (because I can’t stop you), but the first time you do, I will have you move out…The second time… we will go to counseling and you will go to some kind of 12-step program to focus on this behavior you can’t control. I hope you don’t have a problem with that.’ Then the key is to do what you say you will do,” he said.

Tessina agreed. “Set boundaries, and let him know if he crosses them, you’ll leave and take his money with you.”

2. Maintain your Relationship.
Keep your relationship in tact by making certain you stay connected to your partner, Della Casa said. “Maybe sneak away and call one another or try and infuse your relationship with a bit of excess such as a night out at a club or a naughty night in once in a while so certain things don’t seem like once in a lifetime opportunities,” she said.

3. Get Some Help.
Talking to a counselor can help you find out why you want to act out, Della Casa said. “Regardless of what is being offered and by whom, there is never an excuse to betray your partner,” she said. “If you’re so tempted you’re losing sleep, I would highly suggest seeking out a good therapist to work on your issues because it’s not about your partner. ”

4. Put Yourself in your Partner’s Shoes.
Dr. Carle, who counsels celebrities in and out of the sports world, said they’re hit with tempation daily: “But there are plenty of temptations in all walks of life. To stray or not depends on four things: your personal self-respect; the respect you have for your mate; the boundaries you set and the way you communicate your expectations.”

Carle, whose recently published e-book, “How to Win when Your Mate Cheats,” explains how people feel when they’re cheated on by their partner, said her best piece of advice to anyone considering an affair is simple: “If you are tempted, put yourself in your mate’s shoes. How does that feel?”

Posted on July 12th, 2008 by Mark Goulston

Teach Your Children Well
-Crosby, Stills and Nash

If you give a child a fish, you feed him for a day;
if you teach a child to fish, you feed him for a lifetime;
but if you teach a child to learn, you feed him for a lifetime
and he doesn’t have to just eat fish.

The challenge is causing a child to WANT to learn, because people do what they want to do, not what they need to do. The key to that is to play on the mind’s inherent tendency to be curious and through that to become aware of what it wants to be aware of.

In my “Buy In” workshops I show people the FedEx logo and point out the arrow in the negative space between the “E” and the “x”. When they see it, they smile because it delights their brain. Teaching needs to do the same.

The way to a child’s mind is through delight.

© 2007 Mark Goulston

Share your comments at Usable Insight blog.

Posted on July 10th, 2008 by Mark Goulston

One of the artifacts of the digital/text messaging age is that young people are becoming more and more comfortable at texting each other, with all the abbreviated language they use, and more and more uncomfortable at face-to-face contact. It seems that all it takes is for one teen’s anxiety to show itself and it become contagious.

What’s a teen to do? Unfortunately, what many of them do is turn to alcohol and pot at alarmingly young ages as early as eleven or twelve. It doesn’t help that they have as role models parents who deal with their own social and even marital intimacy anxiety by drinking.

The problem with alcohol and pot is that they may relax you, but they don’t necessarily help you become more effective at mastering the skills necessary to overcome Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). The more insidious problem is that once a teenager discovers how to feel more comfortable using alcohol or pot, their social development can become fixated at whatever age they began subbing in substances for social skills.

One issue that keeps this phenomenon alive is parents failing to recognize or realize just how painful social anxiety and shyness can be. Many people young and old even experience it as viscerally painful. Too often parents will prematurely reassure their children,which causes the child to feel not taken seriously and makes them vulnerable to turning to solutions such as alcohol and pot.

To see if your child may be a SAD teen in pothead’s clothing, take the following quiz:

Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale

Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) is a questionnaire whose objective is to assess the range of social interaction and performance situations that individuals with social phobia may fear and/or avoid.
It is also a popular measurement tool used by researches to evaluate the efficiency of various social anxiety disorder treatments, including pharmacological trials.
A modified social anxiety scale exists for children and adolescents.

The questionnaire includes 24 items. Each item consists of a given situation, the rate of anxiety (0 to 3 = none, mild, moderate, severe) and the rate of avoidance (0 to 3 = never, occasionally, often, usually).

Situation

Fear

Avoidance

1. Telephoning in public

2. Participating in small groups

3. Eating in public places

4. Drinking with others in public places

5. Talking to people in authority

6. Acting, performing, or giving a talk in front of an audience

7. Going to a party

8. Working while being observed

9. Writing while being observed

10. Calling someone you don’t know very well

11. Talking with people you don’t know very well

12. Meeting strangers

13. Urinating in a public bathroom

14. Entering a room when others are already seated

15. Being the center of attention

16. Speaking up at a meeting

17. Taking a written test

18. Expressing appropriate disagreement or disapproval to people you don’t know very well

19. Looking at people you don’t know very well in the eyes